中国禾草三新种

报道了禾本科鹅观草属二新种和以礼草属一新种,即稀节鹅观草（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａｌａｘｉｎｏｄｉｓ）,缩芒鹅观草（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａｃｕｒｔｉａｒｉｓｔａｔａ）和沙湾以礼草（Ｋｅｎｇｙｉｌｉａｓｈａｗａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）．     

中国鹅观草属的分类研究

本文对中国鹅观草属Roegneria进行了分类修订,提出了一个新的分类系统。新系统包括19个新组合或新等级,并按照颖分组、芒分系的原则确认了中国该属植物4组、18系、79种、22变种,其中包括7新系、5新种和1新变种。此外,一些类群的省级分布新记录也在本文作了报道。     

纤毛鹅观草与本田鹅观草的生物系统学研究

本文通过对鹅观草属的两个种:本田鹅观草(Roegneria hondai Kitagawa)和纤毛鹅观草(R.ciliaris(Trin)Nevski)及其种间杂种的形态变异、染色体配对行为和同工酶电泳酶谱的分析,研究了这两个种间的亲缘关系,杂种F_1减数分裂染色体配对数很高,F_1自然条件下具有低的结实率。R.ciliaris根部和幼叶的酯酶、过氧化物酯同工酶谱与R.hondai的酶谱间存在差异。上述结果表明,R.ciliaris和R.hondai亲缘关系很近,享有两个共同的基本染色体组,可拟定R.hondai的染色体组为S~hy~h。R.ciliaris同R.hondai间的亲缘关系较R.ciliaris同R.pendulina和R.pendulina同R.hondai间更近。     

鹅观草与大鹅观草杂种的细胞遗传学及形态学研究

大鹅观草（ Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａ ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ Ｋｅｎｇ） 是分布于我国陕西的一种多年生四倍体植物。为了探索大鹅观草与鹅观草（ Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａ ｋａｍｏｊｉ Ｏｈｗｉ） 间的物种生物学关系, 通过对其进行远缘杂交,幼胚离体培养, 合成了远缘杂种; 并对亲本及杂种Ｆ１ 代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对行为及形态学进行了研究。结果表明杂种Ｆ１ 减数分裂染色体配对平均构型为： Ｒ－ ｋａｍｏｊｉ ×Ｒ－ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ１０－２６ Ⅰ＋ １２－３７ Ⅱ（ｃ－ 值＝ ０－７４） , 大鹅观草与鹅观草所含的ＳＹ 染色体组间存在较大的同源性分化; 杂种穗部特征大多数介于双亲之间。     

鹅观草属——人工合成双二倍体(2n=10x=70)的细胞学及育性的研究

本文对缘毛鹅观草(Roegneria pendulina)、鹅观草(R.tsukushiensis var.transiens)及其人工合成杂种F_1、双二倍体进行了细胞学,育性等的分析和研究。结果表明双亲的减数分裂,花粉育性和结实性均正常,杂种F_1的减数分裂不规则且完全不育;当代双二倍体的染色体数目为70,其减数分裂构型为:6.04 Ⅰ+26.21 Ⅱ+1.52 Ⅲ+1.59 Ⅳ+0.02 Ⅴ:第二代双二倍体的染色体数目为70,个别植株为69,减数分裂构型分别为:4.16 Ⅰ+27.33 Ⅱ+0.50 Ⅲ+2.16 Ⅳ和4.79 Ⅰ26.26 Ⅱ+1.13 Ⅲ+2.13 Ⅳ。与期望染色体配对模式相比,双二倍体中二价体出现的频率有明显增大的趋势。在减数分裂AⅠ和AⅡ分别观察到数目不定的落后单价体,大部份的四分体中出现了微核。双二倍体的育性得到了很大程度的恢复,其花粉可染色性及结实率分别为54.4％和64.0％。     

Stripe Rust Resistance in Roegneria kamoji (Poaceae: Triticeae) and its Genetic Analysis

The Roegneria kamoji accession ZY 1007 was resistant to the mixed predominant races of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) in China based on field tests at adult‐plant stage. The seedling resistance evaluation of ZY 1007 showed that it was resistant to stripe rust physiological strains CYR29, CYR33 and PST‐V26, which were the predominant races of Pst in China. The female parent R. kamoji cv. Gansi No.1 (susceptible to Pst) was crossed with ZY 1007 (resistant to Pst). Parents, F₁ and F₂ populations were tested in a field inoculated with the mixed urediniospores. ZY 1007 and all the observed 11 F₁ hybrid plants were resistant, while plants of Gansi No.1 were susceptible. Among the 221 F₂ plants, 168 plants were resistant and 53 were susceptible, and the segregation of resistant and susceptible plants fits 3R:1S ratio (χ² = 0.074, P > 0.75). It confirmed that the resistance of stripe rust in ZY 1007 was controlled by a single dominant gene and temporarily designated as YrK1007.     

Preliminary Report on Breeding and Identification of Triticum aestivum and Roegneria kamoji Alien Addition Lines

Three alien disomic addition lines (V35-8-8, V39-15-5 and V58-6-11) were isolated and identified from Triticum aestivum L. and Roegneria kamoji Ohwi progenies (Fs, BC1F3, BC1F4 and BC2F4), by means of morphological observation, cytogenetical analysis and chromosome C-banding technique. The value of C-banding technique in distinguishing the chromosome of R. kamoji from those of T. aestivum and other relevant points were also discussed.     

青海鹅观草属二新种

本文发表了鹅观草属二新种:玉树鹅观草Roegneria yushuensis L.B.Cai和毛穗鹅现草Roegneria trichospicula L.B.Cai。